Cations could involve restorative materials also as dental adhesives and root-end filling materials. The existing proof on their biological and mechanical properties is promising with regards to their use as optimized fillers. On the other hand, this study has some limitations. A much more detailed analysis really should be performed in terms of explaining the underlying mechanisms of cells CI 16035 Protocol response along with the differences according to the sintering temperature. A more detailed TEM analysis on the nY-ZrO800 and nY-ZrO1200 should really deliver clarifying info on the function of any specific structural and morphological traits of nanoparticles on their biological response and ROS production to enable optimization of their production. Their biocompatibility need to also be evaluated in comparison with pure ZrO2 nanoparticles to elucidate any prospective effect of yttrium in their composition. Future studies in light on the above as well as the use of other cell lines for instance dental pulp stem cells ought to be viewed as for conclusive outcomes. Inside the present study, yttrium stabilized zirconia nanoparticles were synthesized via a sol el-based system, and their biocompatibility have been evaluated immediately after sintering at different temperatures. As a various biological behavior was observed depending on sintering temperature, the null hypothesis was rejected. 5. Conclusions Pure tetragonal YSZ nanopowders with low agglomeration had been successfully synthesized by the sol el process at different temperatures. The size and crystallographic traits of the synthesized nanoparticles recommend the heat treatment at temperatures 1000 C can result in optimum properties, creating YSZ nanoparticles potentially suitable as nanofillers for resin luting cement in dentistry. The outcomes from the present study recommend that the sol el approach is an efficient option to conventional high-temperature synthesis methods for the stabilization in the tetragonal zirconia at area temperature and also the elimination of any monoclinic traces.Dent. J. 2021, 9,15 ofAuthor Contributions: Conceptualization, A.E.R. and E.K.; methodology, A.B., A.T. and I.T.; validation, E.-G.C.T.; formal analysis, G.K.P., L.L., D.K., M.A.O., A.A. and I.T.; investigation, A.B., G.K.P., E.-G.C.T., A.A. and I.T.; data curation, E.K.; writing–original draft preparation, A.B., A.E.R. and I.T.; writing–review and editing, E.K.; visualization, G.K.P., L.L. and D.K.; supervision, E.K. and I.G.T.; project administration, E.K. and I.G.T.; funding acquisition, E.K. All authors have study and agreed towards the published version with the manuscript. Funding: This research was co-financed by Greece and European Union (EUROPEAN SOCIAL FUND-ESF), via the Operational System “Human Resources Development, Education, and Lifelong Learning 2014020” within the context in the project “Development of zirconia adhesion cements with stabilized zirconia nanoparticles: physicochemical properties and bond strength under aging conditions” grant number MIS5047876.Institutional Assessment Board Statement: The study was performed as outlined by the recommendations with the Declaration of Helsinki and authorized by the Ethics Committee of your School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (#35/07-05-2018). Informed Consent Statement: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. Data Availability Statement: Information is contained inside the article. Acknowledgments: The authors would like to acknowledge Konstantinos Simeonidis for XRD a.